Hospitals are organizations that are expected to operate in a precise and organized manner as they handle the lives of people, which is a very critical task. Business organizations falling in this category are much recommended to adapt the vertical organization structure, as they have several layers of management. A significant number of hospital personnel undertake very detailed, precise, low-authority tasks (Salmela et al., 2012). The different management levels are propagated to ensure the members don’t ignore the system and have the notion of authority from the above as they carry out their respective roles. The element enhances precision and perfection in the hospital’s operations.
One thing that distinguishes the organizational structure of hospitals from other business organizations is that the hospital’s organizational structure is based on a combination of medical and administrative personnel. The organizational structure We Care Hospital is a combination of the hierarchical and divisional structure. Due to the chain of command, some levels of professionals are under other level professionals, and employees are organized in departments with their own sets of tasks. Administration services are on the top levels of the organizational structure. It consists of people or professionals who own the hospital and are responsible for implementing policies and budgeting according to the needs of employees, patients, and the community. Such people are known as the board of directors, executives, or presidents. Information services and therapeutic services are placed on the next level. Information services consist of people or professionals responsible for documenting all paperwork of the hospital’s day to day activities and for recruiting employees. The documentation is done electronically so that the patient information can be easily retrieved and sorted. Such people are known as department administrators.
Board of Directors
A board of directors manages the hospital as it is classified as a corporation. Some boards of directors comprise significant individuals from the local community and healthcare personnel (especially in nonprofit hospitals). In many cases, hospitals are established by religious associations, and thus, they uphold a spiritual connection. Such hospitals are bound to contain the association or spiritual leadership in the board of directors. Universities habitually run education allied hospitals. Thus the university’s board of directors may be twofold and function as the hospital’s board of directors (Büchner et al., 2014). Hospitals established purposely for gaining profits (multi-hospitals) commonly possess a single board of directors who control several facilities.
Executives
The daily routine operations are carried out by the executive, who is tasked to institute the decisions and policies made by the board of directors and guarantee the specific tasks are entirely carried out with the preferred perfection. A chief executive officer is usually the topmost personnel and is always in charge of all operations in the hospital. Subsequently, the hospital has the chief operating officer, chief medical officer, chief nursing officer,chief financing officer, as well as the chief information officer who oversee their respective areas of operation and submit their periodical reports to the chief executive officer. The above members constate to the central fundamental management of the hospital and carry a lot of weight.
Hospital SectionManagers
The top administrators in every section of the hospital are accountable for conveying the respective fundamental reports to the core management for evaluation. Such individuals are incharge of a single operational service. The current sections are fields concerned with patient care like labor and delivery, orthopedics, or even the emergency section.Other departments include non-patient care sections, like the billing and food services departments.Clinical departments joint possess large numbers of personnel, essential purchasing and supply requirement and several regulations which must be complied to. So, section managers mostly have assistant managers who assist them in managing their complex tasks.
Patient Care Managers
Within a section, there are the individuals who directly administer patient care. Supervising physicians, directors of rehabilitation services, andnurse managers have people under them who are keenly concerned about patient care. Such a level of supervision certifies that the employees are accomplishing all their duties, acting correctly, and complying with both the legal and hospital requirements (Chang et al., 2013). In case of a fault, the staff members handle the issue. Patient care managers regularly direct schedules and primary human resource roles for their personnel.
Patient Service Providers
The more significant part of the hospital consists of service-providing personnel. Staffs such as physical therapists, nurses, laundry personnel, and cooks perform critical functions that add up and support the daily operations of the institution. The above staff members are obligated specific duties that require to be correctly carried to guarantee the safety and health of patients as well as the excellent performance of the facility.
HITECH Act impact
As a person who has an interface with many different professionals, including physicians, nurses, and allied professionals in various areas of health care, I ascertain that operativemanagement of essential change needsattention to several elements. These elements include; going overboard in communicating, involving stakeholders so that they appreciate the consideration of their ideas, developing an inspiring narrative, stressing that the desired change is realizable, and making listening to personal precedence of the leader.
The HITECH Act responded to the 2008 financial crisis in the US. Being part of the federal incentive program endorsed it obligated the government and its Department of Health and Human Services to form a countrywide, interoperable, private, and secure electronic-health-information scheme. However, the enactment of the HITECH Act appeared more of a technology project, which is not the case since the system is advantageous. The law doesn’t necessitate medical institutions and practitioners to use the electronic health records, but instead employs enticing incentives which one can still ignore.
In We Care Hospital, there are countless avoided costs related to EHRs are the outcome of proficiencies formed by having patient data electronically accessible. Some of these consist of diminished costs linked to supplies required to preserve paper files, reduction of expenses related to chart pulls, augmented application of tests, condensed staff resources dedicated to patient management, and declined transcription costs. The initiation of ECR has diminished the laid-off use of tests andthe necessity to mail hard copies of test outcomes to diverse providers. ECR makes patient data available cuts the tied charts costs and also the supplies required to upkeep paper charts. The introduction of ECR has contributed to lower transcription costs through point-of-care documentation and other structured documentation measures.
From the organizational outlook, We Care Hospital implemented electronic health records in both inpatient and outpatient setups. The subsequent results comprise of upsurges in revenue volumes, deterred costs, and other paybacks that are less perceptible like, enhanced ability to conduct research, amended legal and regulatory compliance,and improved job/career gratification among physicians (Mennemeyer et al., 2016).Augmented revenue is evidenced by multiple sources, countingenhanced cash flow, improved charge capture/decline in billing errors, and boosted revenue. EHRs assist workers incorrectly, capturing patient charges promptly. With an EHR system, many billing errors or inaccurate coding may be eliminated, which will potentially increase a provider’s cash flow and enhance revenue. Reductions to outstanding days in accounts receivable and lost or disallowable charges can potentially lead to improved cash flow. Besides, EHR reminders to providers and patients about routine health visits can increase patient visits and therefore enhance revenue.
There are several other less tangible advantages the facility has witnessed as a result of the HITECH Act. A notably higher performance has been recorded in the annual audit reports. The higher adoption of health information technologyenables improved legal and regulatory compliance in terms of increased security of data and enhanced patient confidentiality through meticulous and auditable provider access. Also, the physicians using an EHR have experienced fewer paid malpractice claims than before the ECR initiation. The notable reduction is possibly the upshot of improved communication between caregivers, augmented legibility and comprehensiveness of patient archives, and amplifiedobservance to clinical strategies.
Several cases of data HIPAA violations were noted during data breach investigations, and inquiries of criticismsacquiesced by patients and healthcare personnel. The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has upheaved efforts on prosecution activities in the last five years, with increased HIPAA violation cases resulting in financial penalties,counting settlements, and civil monetary penalties.OCR has increased its enforcement activities over the past two years, with more HIPAA violation cases resulting in financial penalties, counting settlements, and civil monetary penalties. So far, in 2017, there have been nine financial penalties issued to resolve HIPAA violation cases (Hsieh, 2014). OCR sends a warning all involved organizations, both large and small, that violations of HIPAA Rules will not be tolerated as a step to increase its implementation activity.
For effective health care, healthcare information and health records are considered to be critical components. In a feasibility plan to make it a success, patients are allowed to access their personal health information and share the data across different health systems and care settings. All patients must have records for effective monitoring and facilitate medical research. With tethered personal electronic health records, there will be a substantial restriction to patients to manage the files to enhance safety. To implement and evaluate a personal
| Pros | Cons |
| Improves coding accuracy and revenue capture. Electronic health records provide accurate health records that can be easily accessed. | It is perceived to privacy threats as many believe digital systems lead to loss of confidentiality and easy access by unauthorized people. |
| Reduced filing and transcription costs. Electronic health care records are kept in the systems, thereby reducing documentation of patients’ records, which require binding. This, in turn, reduces the cost of transcriptions. | It can lead to loss of human oversight due to more adventure as the systems are fully automated with no human intervention nor management. |
| Electronic health records streamline office procedures leading to proper task management. The office procedures are necessary to keep up with any changes in patient records. Any prescriptions will be sent electronically, thereby reducing wait times. The office staff can work on the same chart so reducing staff hours. | It requires knowledge, therefore, the need for staff education. Physicians and other medical personnel need knowledge on ways to handle patients. Office staff will require to adjust their methods of patient record documentation. This includes education and practice on the electronic health records system. |
Electronic health record prototype for all patients we need to evaluate its approach and considerations of organizational preconditions. Looking into the barriers and facilitators before implementation, the need for organizational change through the communication process, and the effect of the outcomes like the involvement in health care and self- efficacy. The site plan would
be suitable to use because it reflects on proper protection of patients’ records, which enhances appropriate treatment and excellent services for the patients.
Technology is in every sector in these modern days. Technological advancements have embraced the healthcare sector in many ways. Health information technology involves all the processes taken in the healthcare industry, like the exchange of health information using modern technology. The use of health information technology helps expand the access of affordable health care on patients, decreases paperwork on biding of the records, prevents any errors which may occur, reduces the cost of treatment, and reduces wait time. All these lead to the reduction of treatment costs.
References
Büchner, V. A., Schreyögg, J., & Schultz, C. (2014). The impact of the board’s strategy-setting role on board-management relations and hospital performance. Health care management review, 39(4), 305-317.
Chang, C. S., Chen, S. Y., & Lan, Y. T. (2013). Service quality, trust, and patient satisfaction in interpersonal-based medical service encounters. BMC health services research, 13(1), 22.
Hsieh, R. (2014). Improving HIPAA Enforcement and Protecting Patient Privacy in a Digital Healthcare Environment. Loy. U. Chi. LJ, 46, 175.
Mennemeyer, S. T., Menachemi, N., Rahurkar, S., & Ford, E. W. (2016). Impact of the HITECH act on physicians’ adoption of electronic health records. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 23(2), 375-379.
Salmela, S., Eriksson, K., &Fagerström, L. (2012). Leading change: a three‐dimensional model of nurse leaders’ main tasks and roles during a change process. Journal of advanced nursing, 68(2), 423-433.
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