Corrections and Violence
Corrections – Police
It is rare for a week to go by that there is not a media report concerning an incident somewhere in the country of excessive use of force by law enforcement.
The Rodney King incident, which sparked riots in Los Angeles, has become synonymous with the excessive use of force by police. New York City’s police department has received national attention during recent years for incidents involving its police officers excessive use of force. A 1998 eight-month investigation by the Washington Post found a pattern of “reckless and indiscriminate” shootings by police officers during that decade, “the extent of which had been hidden from public scrutiny through inadequate investigations and oversight” (United pp).
In fact, shootings by DC police doubled between 1992 and 1995, even though homicides had fallen from a record peak in 1991 and from mid-1993, there were fifty-four cases in which police had fired at vehicles, none of whose occupants had shot at officers, killing nine unarmed motorists and wounding nineteen (United pp). Court records and police files found that many internal investigations were riddled with omissions and errors and the majority of the 422 police shootings examined by an internal police review board from 1993 to 1998 were ruled justified and in only two cases were charges brought against the officers (United pp). Other examples are Chicago where police officers shot seventy-one people in 1998, and San Francisco where police shootings rose from two in 1996 to twelve in 1998 (United pp).
Although some police officers have been fired following high profile cases, most escape any discipline even when complaints have been upheld by the Civilian Complaint Review Board (United pp).
Moreover, prosecution of officers is rare due to the code of silence among departments and the reluctance of prosecutors to pursue criminal charges because they rely on police co-operation in other cases (United pp). The NYPD’s poor disciplinary record in excessive force cases is believed to be one of the factors behind a ‘pattern and practice’ lawsuit brought before the review by the Justice Department (United pp). The remarkable rise in incidents involving excessive use of force by police officers throughout the country accompanied by lack of investigative and disciplinary procedures indicates a systemic problem.
Historically, police have generally minimized the seriousness of domestic violence, treating it as a private matter and misdemeanor rather than a serious felony. Arrests of abusers were extremely rare even in cases in which the women suffered severe injuries and rape (Woods 1994).
Moreover, officers generally ignored request for assistance or delayed in responding for several hours in abuse cases and when they did respond, rather than arresting the abuser they usually just removed him from the home so he could cool off (Woods 1994).
At one time it was thought that mediation and couples counseling would reduce domestic violence, however, it was found that such methods can seriously endanger the victim since they treat the problem as a family dynamic and fail to hold the abuser solely responsible for the abuse and give the wrong message about violence to any other members of the family and to society at large (Woods 1994). A 1984 Minnesota study found that arrest of men who beat their wives was far more effective than either mediation or removing the abuser from the home and a California study later also found that arrests substantially reduced the likelihood of further assaults on women (Woods 1994). The Minnesota study influenced police departments throughout the country concerning their response to domestic violence (Woods 1994). Today, every state permits arrest without a warrant in misdemeanor domestic violence cases subject to an officer’s determination of probable cause (Woods 1994).
Domestic violence, including spousal rape, is no less serious than an assault by a stranger. A slap on the wrist or cooling off period out of the home does not prevent another assault. And there will be another assault. Once abuse begins, it is repeated over and over, with each incident increasing in severity, and in many cases leading to the death of the victim. An abuser is an abuser no matter who the victim, whether spouse, neighbor or stranger. Moreover, victims of domestic abuse are at extreme risk of repeated assaults, unlike victims of stranger assaults. The penalty for spousal assault should be no less severe than any other assault. Assault is assault. Mandatory arrests for domestic violence is necessary to curtail repeated attacks.
Works Cited
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
RACE, RIGHTS AND POLICE BRUTALITY
http://www.amnestyusa.org/countries/usa/document.do?id=133746465C2D34CA8025690000692D98
Woods, Laurie; Zorza, Joan. Mandatory Arrest-Problems and Possibilities
Contemporary Women Issues Database. 1/1/1994
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